Novità editoriali

Abstract

Between 16 September and 8 December 2021, 867 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 27 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (316), in wild (523) and in captive birds (28). The detections in poultry were mainly reported by Italy (167) followed by Hungary and Poland (35 each). Tha majority of the detections in wild birds were reported by Germany (280), Netherlands (65) and United Kingdom (53). The observed persistence and continuous circulation of HPAI viruses in migratory and resident wild birds will continue to pose a risk for the poultry industry in Europe for the coming months. The frequent occurrence of HPAI A(H5) incursions in commercial farms (including poultry production types considered at low avian influenza risk) raises concern about the capacity of the applied biosecurity measures to prevent virus introduction. Short-term preparedness and medium- and long-term prevention strategies, including revising and reinforcing biosecurity measures, reduction of the density of commercial poultry farms and possible appropriate vaccination strategies, should be implemented. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the viruses characterised during this reporting period belong to clade 2.3.4.4b. Some of the characterized HPAI A(H5N1) viruses detected in Sweden, Germany, Poland and United Kingdom are related to the viruses which have been circulating in Europe since October 2020; in North, Central, South and East Europe novel reassortant A(H5N1) virus has been introduced starting from October 2021. HPAI A(H5N1) was also detected in wild mammal species in Sweden, Estonia and Finland; some of these strains characterised so far present an adaptive marker that is associated with increased virulence and replication in mammals. Since the last report, 13 human infections due to HPAI A(H5N6) and two human cases due to LPAI A(H9N2) virus have been reported from China. Some of these A(H5N6) cases were caused by a reassortant virus of clade 2.3.4.4b, which possessed an HA gene closely related to the A(H5) viruses circulating in Europe. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as low, and for occupationally exposed people, low to medium, with large uncertainty due to the high diversity of circulating viruses in the bird populations.

EFSA Journal 2021;19(12):6953

Keywords: Avian Influenza, HPAI, LPAI, surveillance, poultry, wild birds

On request from: European Commission Question Number: EFSA?Q?2021?00340

Abstract

In 2020, Council Directive 2005/94/EC required EU Member States (MSs) to carry out surveillance for avian influenza (AI) in poultry and wild birds and notify the results to the responsible authority. Based on this, MSs, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom implemented ongoing surveillance programmes to monitor incursions of AI viruses in poultry and wild birds. EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to collate, validate, analyse and summarise the data resulting from the avian influenza surveillance programmes in an annual report. This is the second such report produced using data directly submitted to EFSA by MSs. This report summarises the results of the surveillance activities carried out in poultry and wild birds in 2020. Overall, 24,768 poultry establishments (PEs) were sampled, of which 46 were seropositive for H5 virus strains and seven for H7 strains. Seropositive PEs were found in nine MSs (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden) and the United Kingdom. As per previous years, the highest percentages of seropositive PEs were found in establishments raising waterfowl game birds and breeding geese. Out of the 53 PEs with positive serological tests for H5/H7, seven tested positive in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or virology for H5/H7 virus strains: six for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) and one for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). In addition, 13 countries also reported PCR results from 748 PEs which did not correspond to the follow?up testing of a positive serology event (e.g. in some PEs, PCR tests were used for screening). Twenty?five of these PEs were found positive for AI viral RNA. These positive PEs were located in Bulgaria, Estonia, Germany, Romania and Slovakia. A total of 18,968 wild birds were sampled, with 878 birds testing positive to HPAI virus. Fourteen countries reported HPAI?positive wild birds, with all HPAI strains identified as H5. Most positive birds were infected with H5N8, with a smaller number of N1, N3, N5 and unidentified NA subtypes. In addition, there were 317 birds testing positive for LPAI H5 or H7 virus and 429 birds testing positive for non?H5/H7 AI virus, reported by 31 countries. The surveillance findings for poultry and wild birds for 2020 are discussed in relation to the current knowledge of the epidemiology of AI in Europe, in particular the H5N8 epidemic which has been identified late 2020.

EFSA Journal 2021;19(12):6951

Keywords:avian influenza, HPAI/LPAI, monitoring, poultry, captive birds, wild birds, humans

On request from: European Commission Question Number: EFSA?Q?2021?00281

Abstract

The 2020?2021 epidemic with a total of 3,555 reported HPAI detections and around 22,400,000 affected poultry birds in 28 European Countries appears to be one of the largest and most devastating HPAI epidemics ever occurred in Europe. Between 24 February and 14 May 2021, 1,672 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 24 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (n=580), and in wild (n=1,051) and captive birds (n=41). The majority of the detections in poultry were reported by Poland that accounted for 297 outbreaks occurring in a densely populated poultry area over a short period of time, followed by Germany with 168 outbreaks. Germany accounted for 603 detections in wild birds, followed by Denmark and Poland with 167 and 56 detections, respectively. A second peak of HPAI?associated wild bird mortality was observed from February to April 2021 in north?west Europe. The observed longer persistence of HPAI in wild birds compared to previous years may result in a continuation of the risk for juveniles of wild birds and mammals, as well as for virus entry into poultry farms. Therefore, enhanced awareness among farmers to continue applying stringent biosecurity measures and to monitor and report increases in daily mortality and drops in production parameters, are recommended. Sixteen different genotypes were identified to date in Europe and Russia, suggesting a high propensity of these viruses to reassort. The viruses characterized to date retain a preference for avian?type receptors; however, transmission events to mammals and the identification of sporadic mutations of mammal adaptation, indicate ongoing evolution processes and possible increased ability of viruses within this clade to further adapt and transmit to mammals including humans. Since the last report, two human infections due to A(H5N6) HPAI were reported from China and Laos and 10 human cases due to A(H9N2) low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus identified in China and Cambodia. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as very low and for occupationally exposed people low. People exposed during avian influenza outbreaks should adhere to protection measures, strictly wear personal protective equipment and get tested immediately when developing respiratory symptoms or conjunctivitis within 10 days after exposure.

EFSA Journal 2021;19(12):6951

Keywords: avian influenza, HPAI/LPAI, monitoring, poultry, captive birds, wild birds, humans

On request from: European Commission Question Number: EFSA?Q?2021?00281

Abstract

The 2020?2021 epidemic with a total of 3,555 reported HPAI detections and around 22,400,000 affected poultry birds in 28 European Countries appears to be one of the largest and most devastating HPAI epidemics ever occurred in Europe. Between 24 February and 14 May 2021, 1,672 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 24 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (n=580), and in wild (n=1,051) and captive birds (n=41). The majority of the detections in poultry were reported by Poland that accounted for 297 outbreaks occurring in a densely populated poultry area over a short period of time, followed by Germany with 168 outbreaks. Germany accounted for 603 detections in wild birds, followed by Denmark and Poland with 167 and 56 detections, respectively. A second peak of HPAI?associated wild bird mortality was observed from February to April 2021 in north?west Europe. The observed longer persistence of HPAI in wild birds compared to previous years may result in a continuation of the risk for juveniles of wild birds and mammals, as well as for virus entry into poultry farms. Therefore, enhanced awareness among farmers to continue applying stringent biosecurity measures and to monitor and report increases in daily mortality and drops in production parameters, are recommended. Sixteen different genotypes were identified to date in Europe and Russia, suggesting a high propensity of these viruses to reassort. The viruses characterized to date retain a preference for avian?type receptors; however, transmission events to mammals and the identification of sporadic mutations of mammal adaptation, indicate ongoing evolution processes and possible increased ability of viruses within this clade to further adapt and transmit to mammals including humans. Since the last report, two human infections due to A(H5N6) HPAI were reported from China and Laos and 10 human cases due to A(H9N2) low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus identified in China and Cambodia. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as very low and for occupationally exposed people low. People exposed during avian influenza outbreaks should adhere to protection measures, strictly wear personal protective equipment and get tested immediately when developing respiratory symptoms or conjunctivitis within 10 days after exposure.

International Poultry Production 27.1 - Mycotoxin control, gut health and table eggs

International Poultry Production 26.8 - Gut health, turkeys, vitamins and minerals

International Poultry Production 26.7 - Antibiotic free production and environmental control

International Poultry Production 26.6 - Egg quality, oils & flavours

International Poultry Production 26.5 - Enzymes and drinkers

International Poultry Production 26.4 - Health, nutrition and egg handling

International Poultry Production 26.3 - Enzymes and coccidiosis control

International Poultry Production 26.2 - Nutrition and egg quality

International Poultry Production v 26 n° 1 - Turkey poult management and laying systems

International Poultry Production v 25 n° 8

International Poultry Production 25.6 - Mycotoxins, enzymes & layers

International Poultry Production 25.5 – Mycoplasma, antibiotics, egg handling & processing

International Poultry Production v 25 n° 4

International Poultry Production v 25 n° 3

International Poultry Production v 25 n° 2

International Poultry Production v 25 n° 1

HPAI H5N8 is currently causing an epizootic in Europe, infecting many poultry holdings as well as captive and wild bird species in more than ten countries. Given the clear clinical manifestation, passive surveillance is considered the most effective means of detecting infected wild and domestic birds. Testing samples from new species and non-previously reported areas is key to determine the geographic spread of HPAIV H5N8 2016 in wild birds. Testing limited numbers of dead wild birds in previously-reported areas is useful when it is relevant to know whether the virus is still present in the area or not, e.g. before restrictive measures in poultry are to be lifted. To prevent introduction of HPAIV from wild birds into poultry, strict biosecurity implemented and maintained by the poultry farmers is the most important measure. Providing holding-specific biosecurity guidance is strongly recommended as it is expected to have a high impact on the achieved biosecurity level of the holding. This is preferably done during peace time to increase preparedness for future outbreaks. The location and size of control and in particular monitoring areas for poultry associated with positive wild bird findings are best based on knowledge of the wider habitat and flight distance of the affected wild bird species. It is recommended to increase awareness among poultry farmers in these established areas in order to enhance passive surveillance and to implement enhanced biosecurity measures including poultry confinement. There is no scientific evidence suggesting a different effectiveness of the protection measures on the introduction into poultry holdings and subsequent spread of HPAIV when applied to H5N8, H5N1 or other notifiable HPAI viruses.

International Poultry Production 24.8 - Fibre, Probiotics, Coccidiosis, Disinfectants

International Poultry Production 24.7 - Fibre, Probiotics, Coccidiosis, Disinfectants

International Poultry Production 24.5 - Vaccination, Phytase, Enzymes & Protease

A practical guide to differential diagnosis in poultry Correctly identifying problems on the farm and their influencing factors goes a long

International Poultry Production recently carried a supplement entitled Newcastle Disease: A persisting worldwide problem

Cari colleghi, inviamo alla vostra attenzione il numero di novembre/dicembre della Newsletter del Focal point di EFSA: un numero speciale questo, dedicato alla chiusura di Expo. Potrete leggere, infatti, quattro editoriali che invitano alla riflessione sul tema dell’alimentazione nel nostro futuro, tema largamente discusso, con differenti approcci, nel corso della manifestazione milanese.

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This magazine is an established leader in its field and focuses on the technical issues and sciences that bring commercial success.

It provides a truly global perspective on the issues of the day and sources its information, articles and news from around the world

This magazine is an established leader in its field and focuses on the technical issues and sciences that bring commercial success. It provides a truly global perspective on the issues of the day and sources its information, articles and news from around the world

This magazine is an established leader in its field and focuses on the technical issues and sciences that bring commercial success. It provides a truly global perspective on the issues of the day and sources its information, articles and news from around the world.

Recently released, interested FAO publications now available for tablets and e-readers:
- World Livestock 2013: Changing disease landscapes.
- Tackling climate change through livestock.

"La gestione faunistica e venatoria del fagiano" è un libro scritto per affrontare positivamente i difficili problemi di gestione del fagiano, ovvero tutto quanto oggi è tecnicamente possibile attuare allo scopo. Uno strumento per Associazioni Venatorie, Agricole e Ambientaliste, Assessorati e Servizi di gestione faunistica e ambientale provinciali e regionali, Ambiti Territoriali di Caccia, Comitati di Gestione di Zone di Ripopolamento e Cattura e Aree comunque finalizzate all'incremento e all'irradiamento del fagiano, Titolari di Aziende Faunistico Venatorie e Turistico Venatorie, tecnici del settore e cacciatori appassionati di piccola selvaggina stanziale.
Autori: Roberto Mazzoni della Stella e Francesco Santilli
Pagine: 192 - Costo: 24 euro - ISBN : 978-88-905229-2-5
informazioni: info@geographicasrl.it

Two exhaustive OIE analyses of global avian influenza control published in the December issue of the OIE Scientific and Technical Review (30(3), 2011) conclude that stamping-out of infected and in-contact animals is the preferred method of avian influenza control in the majority of situations and that efficacy of control is rooted in well-performing Veterinary Services.

Gensheimer K. ]. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Feb [date cited].

P. Fernandez, W. White; Ed.: 2010
Edito dall'OIE

La FAO pubblica il volume: "The State of the Food and Agriculture (SOFA) 2009 - Livestock in the balance". E' diponibile in formato elettronico nelle 6 lingue ufficiali sul sito: http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0680e/i0680e00.htm
Maggiori informazioni sono disponibili sul sito: http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/en/
Un certo numero di copie cartacee è diponibile per chi ne farà richiesta indicano il proprio indirizzo postale.

Un foglio di aggiornamentom che verrà inviato ogni 10-14 giorni, pensato e realizzato con l'intento di di presentare in modo semplice le malattie del pollame e renderne facilmente comprensibili i principali aspetti. PoultryHealth Bytes è realizzato da International Poultry Production. Tutti coloro che desiderano saperne di più e/o iscriversi a questa rivista internazionale possono collegarsi al seguente sito

Scientific and Technical Review 28 (1), 2009

Proceedings VI. Int. Symposium on Avian Corona- and Pneumoviruses and Complicating Pathogens Rauischholzhausen, 14-17 June 2009 are now available at a price of 22 Euro per copy plus postage (Europe: 6 Euro; other countries, air mail: 12 Euro).
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Account Holder: WVPA, Dr. U. Heffels-Redmann

Assessing health benefits of controlling Campylobacter in the food chain

La Segreteria della WVPA ci comunica che grazie agli sforzi dell'Editor-in-Chief, Dave Cavanagh, la casa editrice Taylor & Francis ha reso disponibile per l'accesso libero on line tutti i volumi arretrati dell'Avian Pathology dal Volume 1 (1972) al Volume 35 (2006)

Rauischholzhausen, 14-16 May 2006
Book +CD, full text papers, 335 pages

Large Animals Review Fascicolo n. 6 Dicembre 2003.
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Large Animals Review
Fascicolo n. 6 Dicembre 2001

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La Selezione Veterinaria Fascicolo Novembre 2000

La Selezione Veterinaria
Fascicolo Agosto/Settembre 2000

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La Selezione Veterinaria
Fascicolo Agosto/Settembre 1999


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